Summary NetworkConnection<WebSocket> in iOS 26 Network framework throws POSIXErrorCode(rawValue: 22): Invalid argument when receiving WebSocket ping (opcode 9) or pong (opcode 10) control frames. This prevents proper WebSocket keep-alive functionality. Environment iOS 26.0 (Simulator) macOS 26.1 Xcode 26.0 Note: This issue was initially discovered on iOS 26 Simulator. The same behavior was confirmed on macOS 26, suggesting a shared bug in the Network framework. The attached sample code is for macOS for easier reproduction. Description When using the new NetworkConnection<WebSocket> API introduced in iOS 26 or macOS 26, the receive() method throws EINVAL error whenever a ping or pong control frame is received from the server. This is a critical issue because: WebSocket servers commonly send ping frames to keep connections alive Clients send ping frames to verify connection health The receive callback never receives the ping/pong frame - the error occurs before the frame reaches user code Steps to Reproduce Create a WebSocket connection to any server that supports ping/pong (e.g., wss://echo.websocket.org): import Foundation import Network // MARK: - WebSocket Ping/Pong EINVAL Bug Reproduction // This sample demonstrates that NetworkConnection<WebSocket> throws EINVAL // when receiving ping or pong control frames. @main struct WebSocketPingPongBug { static func main() async { print("=== WebSocket Ping/Pong EINVAL Bug Reproduction ===\n") do { try await testPingPong() } catch { print("Test failed with error: \(error)") } } static func testPingPong() async throws { let host = "echo.websocket.org" let port: UInt16 = 443 print("Connecting to wss://\(host)...") let endpoint = NWEndpoint.hostPort( host: NWEndpoint.Host(host), port: NWEndpoint.Port(rawValue: port)! ) try await withNetworkConnection(to: endpoint, using: { WebSocket { TLS { TCP() } } }) { connection in print("Connected!\n") // Start receive loop in background let receiveTask = Task { var messageCount = 0 while !Task.isCancelled { do { let (data, metadata) = try await connection.receive() messageCount += 1 print("[\(messageCount)] Received frame - opcode: \(metadata.opcode)") if let text = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) { print("[\(messageCount)] Content: \(text)") } else { print("[\(messageCount)] Binary data: \(data.count) bytes") } } catch let error as NWError { if case .posix(let code) = error, code == .EINVAL { print("❌ EINVAL error occurred! (POSIXErrorCode 22: Invalid argument)") print(" This is the bug - ping/pong frame caused EINVAL") // Continue to demonstrate workaround continue } print("Receive error: \(error)") break } catch { print("Receive error: \(error)") break } } } // Wait for initial message from server try await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(2)) // Test 1: Send text message (should work) print("\n--- Test 1: Sending text message ---") try await connection.send("Hello, WebSocket!") print("✅ Text message sent") try await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(1)) // Test 2: Send ping (pong response will cause EINVAL) print("\n--- Test 2: Sending ping frame ---") print("Expecting EINVAL when pong is received...") let pingMetadata = NWProtocolWebSocket.Metadata(opcode: .ping) try await connection.ping(Data()) { pingMetadata } print("✅ Ping sent, waiting for pong...") // Wait for pong response try await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(2)) // Cleanup receiveTask.cancel() print("\n=== Test Complete ===") print("If you saw 'EINVAL error occurred!' above, the bug is reproduced.") } } } The receive() call fails with error when pong arrives: ❌ EINVAL error occurred! (POSIXErrorCode 22: Invalid argument) Test Results Scenario Result Send/receive text (opcode 1) ✅ OK Client sends ping, receives pong ❌ EINVAL on pong receive Expected Behavior The receive() method should successfully return ping and pong frames, or at minimum, handle them internally without throwing an error. The autoReplyPing option should allow automatic pong responses without disrupting the receive loop. Actual Behavior When a ping or pong control frame is received: The receive() method throws NWError.posix(.EINVAL) The frame never reaches user code (no opcode check is possible) The connection remains valid, but the receive loop is interrupted Workaround Catch the EINVAL error and restart the receive loop: while !Task.isCancelled { do { let received = try await connection.receive() // Process message } catch let error as NWError { if case .posix(let code) = error, code == .EINVAL { // Control frame caused EINVAL, continue receiving continue } throw error } } This workaround allows continued operation but: Cannot distinguish between ping-related EINVAL and other EINVAL errors Cannot access the ping/pong frame content Cannot implement custom ping/pong handling Impact WebSocket connections to servers that send periodic pings will experience repeated EINVAL errors Applications must implement workarounds that may mask other legitimate errors Additional Information Packet capture confirms ping/pong frames are correctly transmitted at the network level The error occurs in the Network framework's internal processing, before reaching user code

Hello, I have an app that is using iOS 26 Network Framework APIs. It is using QUIC, TLS 1.3 and Bonjour. For TLS I am using a PKCS#12 identity. All works well and as expected if the devices (iPhone with no cellular, iPhone with cellular, and iPad no cellular) are all on the same wifi network. If I turn off my router (ie no more wifi network) and leave on the wifi toggle on the iOS devices - only the non cellular iPhone and iPad are able to discovery and connect to each other. My iPhone with cellular is not able to. By sharing my logs with Cursor AI it was determined that the connection between the two problematic peers (iPad with no cellular and iPhone with cellular) never even makes it to the TLS step because I never see the logs where I print out the certs I compare. I tried doing "builder.requiredInterfaceType(.wifi)" but doing that blocked the two non cellular devices from working. I also tried "builder.prohibitedInterfaceTypes([.cellular])" but that also did not work. Is AWDL on it's way out? Should I focus my energy on Wi-Fi Aware? Regards, Captadoh

Hello, We are having an issue with the RequestReview API and were hoping to get some help. We know that there is no guarantee that the in-app review modal will show and we know that there are 3 circumstances in which it will definitely not appear: if the user has turned off in-app review/ratings in their settings if the user has submitted a review for that app on that device within the last 365 days if the user has been asked for a review >3 times in the last 365 days When testing our implementation, every single one of our testers did not receive the rating modal despite the fact that we had all our testers turn on the app rating setting and that we have never asked for reviews from our app before. So that seems suspicious. While it is possible that something is up with our code (and I have provided some snippets below) we are also concerned that apple maybe is suppressing it for another reason. We really want to go live with our app review code but unfortunately we are not able to get confidence that it will ever appear for the user. Can you please help us understand why this isn't working. The code: We are using the SwiftUI approach to requesting review. Here are some relevant code snippets Important to note, we have a modal that appears when the user is in our list of active, targeted users. If they tap yes on this modal, it should show the in app rate the app system modal. If they tap no, we present them with an airship survey so that they can give feedback. Here is the code for the Yes button action: @Environment(\.requestReview) private var requestReview private var yesButton: some View { Button( action: { dismiss() requestReview() }, label: { Text(Lingua.General.appRateFirstButton) .regularParagraph() .frame(width: 180, height: 35) } ) .customButtonStyle( foregroundColor: .black, backgroundColor: Color(.powderBlue), radius: 36 ) } and this is the logic we use to determine whether we want to show them the modal in the first place. Obviously, a lot of this code leads to deeper areas in our logic and code but to give an idea... private func showAppRateModalIfNeeded() { if preferencesManager.appRateReviewShown == nil, accountManager.userAccount?.permissions.rateTheApp == true { let appReviewModalVC = UIHostingController(rootView: AppReviewModal()) appReviewModalVC.view.backgroundColor = .init(white: 0, alpha: 0.6) appReviewModalVC.modalPresentationStyle = .overFullScreen appReviewModalVC.modalTransitionStyle = .crossDissolve parentVC?.navigationController?.present(appReviewModalVC, animated: true) preferencesManager.appRateReviewShown = true } } When testing in debug, we do find that the modal appears and works as expected. However, on release builds nobody is able to trigger it. Why? Are we doing something wrong here or is Apple just suppressing it. We are thinking about implementing the button taking the user directly into the app store review but we'd prefer to do the lower-friction dialog in-app if we can get it work so the user doesn't get sent out of the app.

Hi everyone, could you help us? We implemented a Flutter library that basically makes a call every x minutes if the app is in the background, but when I generate the version via TestFlight for testing, it doesn't work. Can you help us understand why? Below is a more detailed technical description. Apple Developer Technical Support Request Subject: BGTaskScheduler / Background Tasks Not Executing in TestFlight - Flutter App with workmanager Plugin Issue Summary Background tasks scheduled using BGTaskScheduler are not executing when the app is distributed via TestFlight. The same implementation works correctly when running the app locally via USB/Xcode debugging. We are developing a Flutter application that needs to perform periodic API calls when the app is in the background. We have followed all documentation and implemented the required configurations, but background tasks are not being executed in the TestFlight build. App Information Field Value App Version 3.1.15 (Build 311) iOS Minimum Deployment Target iOS 15.0 Framework Flutter Flutter SDK Version ^3.7.2 Technical Environment Flutter Dependencies (Background Task Related) Package Version Purpose workmanager ^0.9.0+3 Main background task scheduler (uses BGTaskScheduler on iOS 13+) flutter_background_service ^5.0.5 Background service management flutter_background_service_android ^6.2.4 Android-specific background service flutter_local_notifications ^19.4.2 Local notifications for background alerts timezone ^0.10.0 Timezone support for scheduling Other Relevant Flutter Dependencies Package Version firebase_core 4.0.0 firebase_messaging (via native Podfile) sfmc (Salesforce Marketing Cloud) ^9.0.0 geolocator ^14.0.0 permission_handler ^12.0.0+1 Info.plist Configuration We have added the following configurations to Info.plist: UIBackgroundModes <key>UIBackgroundModes</key> <array> <string>location</string> <string>remote-notification</string> <string>processing</string> </array> ### BGTaskSchedulerPermittedIdentifiers ```xml <key>BGTaskSchedulerPermittedIdentifiers</key> <array> <string>br.com.unidas.apprac.ios.workmanager.carrinho_api_task</string> <string>br.com.unidas.apprac.ios.workmanager</string> <string>be.tramckrijter.workmanager.BackgroundTask</string> </array> **Note:** We included multiple identifier formats as recommended by the `workmanager` Flutter plugin documentation: 1. `{bundleId}.ios.workmanager.{taskName}` - Custom task identifier 2. `{bundleId}.ios.workmanager` - Default workmanager identifier 3. `be.tramckrijter.workmanager.BackgroundTask` - Plugin's default identifier (as per plugin documentation) ## AppDelegate.swift Configuration We have configured the `AppDelegate.swift` with the following background processing setup: ```swift // In application(_:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:) // Configuration to enable background processing via WorkManager // The "processing" mode in UIBackgroundModes allows WorkManager to use BGTaskScheduler (iOS 13+) // This is required to execute scheduled tasks in background (e.g., API calls) // Note: User still needs to have Background App Refresh enabled in iOS settings if UIApplication.shared.backgroundRefreshStatus == .available { // Allows iOS system to schedule background tasks with minimum interval UIApplication.shared.setMinimumBackgroundFetchInterval(UIApplication.backgroundFetchIntervalMinimum) } ## WorkManager Implementation (Dart/Flutter) ### Initialization ```dart /// Initializes WorkManager static Future<void> initialize() async { await Workmanager().initialize(callbackDispatcher, isInDebugMode: false); print('WorkManagerService: WorkManager initialized'); } ### Task Registration /// Schedules API execution after a specific delay ## Observed Behavior ### Works (Debug/USB Connection) - When running the app via Xcode/USB debugging - Background tasks are scheduled and executed as expected - API calls are made successfully when the app is backgrounded ### Does NOT Work (TestFlight) - When the app is distributed via TestFlight - Background tasks appear to be scheduled (no errors in code) - Tasks are **never executed** when the app is in background - We have tested with: - Background App Refresh enabled in iOS Settings - App used frequently - Device connected to WiFi and charging - Waited for extended periods (hours) ## Possible heart points 1. **Are there any additional configurations required for `BGTaskScheduler` to work in TestFlight/Production builds that are not required for debug builds?** 2. **Is the identifier format correct?** We are using: `br.com.unidas.apprac.ios.workmanager.carrinho_api_task` - Should it match exactly with the task name registered in code? 3. **Are there any known issues with Flutter's `workmanager` plugin and iOS BGTaskScheduler in production environments?** 4. **Is there any way to verify through logs or system diagnostics if the background tasks are being rejected by the system?** 5. **Could there be any conflict between our other background modes (`location`, `remote-notification`) and `processing`?** 6. **Does the Salesforce Marketing Cloud SDK (SFMC) interfere with BGTaskScheduler operations?** ## Additional Context - We have verified that `Background App Refresh` is enabled for our app in iOS Settings - The app has proper entitlements for push notifications and location services - Firebase, SFMC (Salesforce Marketing Cloud), and other SDKs are properly configured - The issue is **only** present in TestFlight builds, not in debug/USB-connected builds ## References - [Apple Documentation - BGTaskScheduler](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/backgroundtasks/bgtaskscheduler) - [Apple Documentation - Choosing Background Strategies](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/backgroundtasks/choosing_background_strategies_for_your_app) Thank you

When an iOS device is connected to a Bluetooth accessory that utilizes the Hands-Free Profile (HFP), we are encountering an incorrect audio routing behavior specifically for system notification tones. Accessory Connected: The iOS device is successfully connected to a Bluetooth accessory (specifically, a WM500 device) using the HFP profile for voice communication. Voice Audio: Audio streams related to phone calls or voice communication (using the HFP/SCO link) are correctly routed to the WM500. Notification Tones Issue: System notification tones, which are played using the tonetype.systemsounds API, are not being routed to the connected HFP accessory (WM500). Instead, they are incorrectly played through the iOS device's built-in speaker. Accessory team has suggested to establish SCO connection to route the tones through WM500. But iOS does not provide an external API (like Android's startBluetoothSco) to explicitly force the establishment of an SCO connection for notification tones. Is there any other approach to establish SCO connection in iOS to route notification tones through WM500

When an iOS device is connected to a Bluetooth accessory that utilizes the Hands-Free Profile (HFP), we are encountering an incorrect audio routing behavior specifically for system notification tones. Accessory Connected: The iOS device is successfully connected to a Bluetooth accessory (specifically, a WM500 device) using the HFP profile for voice communication. Voice Audio: Audio streams related to phone calls or voice communication (using the HFP/SCO link) are correctly routed to the WM500. Notification Tones Issue: System notification tones, which are played using the tonetype.systemsounds API, are not being routed to the connected HFP accessory (WM500). Instead, they are incorrectly played through the iOS device's built-in speaker. This causes a poor user experience, as critical application alerts and system notifications are missed when the user is relying on the connected HFP accessory for all audio output.

Hi We have an AppleTV app that is used to continuously display information (digital signage). One of our clients reports that their AppleTV returns to the homescreen by morning. While our recommendation is to setup Mobile Device Management to lock the AppleTV into running only our app, not every client will have the IT knowledge to set this up. So we're trying to figure out possible causes for the app getting closed. We've not received any crash reports, nor does the device give any indication the app crashed. The energy saving settings are set to run continuously without sleep. The client is reporting this happens every night, so it seems unlikely to be caused by tvOS updates. Are there other things I could rule out to find the cause of this issue? Any ideas are welcome, thanks!

After upgrading to iOS 18, crashes caused by calling null function pointers have changed their crash signal from SIGEGV to SIGKILL, making it impossible for developers to capture crash stacks using third-party components like KSCrash/PLCrashReporter. Is this a design change in iOS 18's memory protection mechanism? If so, are there any officially recommended crash capture solutions? - (void)MockCrashOnNullFunctionPointer { void (*func)(void) = NULL; func(); } Crash report comparison:

After upgrading to iOS 18, crashes caused by calling null function pointers have changed their crash signal from SIGEVG to SIGKILL, making it impossible for developers to capture crash stacks using third-party components like KSCrash/PLCrashReporter. Is this a design change in iOS 18's memory protection mechanism? If so, are there any officially recommended crash capture solutions? Crash example code: - (void)MockCrashOnNullFunctionPointer { void (*func)(void) = NULL; func(); } Crash report comparison:

I am working on a game app that uses multicast to advertise and locate a hosted game. It therefore requires local network permission. Entitlements are set up correctly in the app for using multicast. I have two iPhones I use for testing my app, one was using iOS 18.1.x (not exactly sure about the value of x) and the other was using a later version of 18. I install the app on these devices via TestFlight. On the device using iOS 18.1.x the networking worked perfectly, and I could host or join a game (connecting to the same app running on my mac). The device using the later version would fail to see advertised games as well as failing to advertise games itself. Updating this device to the latest iOS (18.7.2) did not fix the problem. To test that it is likely related to the later version of iOS, I updated the 18.1.x device that was working to 18.7.2, and now it does not work either. I could see the app listed under "Privacy and Security/Local Network" in settings on the device that used to work with 18.1.x, but not the device with the later version of iOS . Now it does not show up on either device. Nor does either device ask for permission when I activate a network game on the app, even after repeatedly deleting and reinstalling the app as well as resetting the devices. Why does the device not ask for permission when I try to set up a network game, and how can I get this working again?

I've experimentally seen that the notifications(named:) API of NotificationCenter appears to buffer observed notifications internally. In local testing it appears to be limited to 8 messages. I've been unable to find any documentation of this fact, and the behavior seems like it could lead to software bugs if code is not expecting notifications to potentially be dropped. Is this behavior expected and documented somewhere? Here is a sample program demonstrating the behavioral difference between the Combine and AsyncSequence-based notification observations: @Test nonisolated func testNotificationRace() async throws { let testName = Notification.Name("TestNotification") let notificationCount = 100 var observedAsyncIDs = [Int]() var observedCombineIDs = [Int]() let subscribe = Task { @MainActor in print("setting up observer...") let token = NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: testName) .sink { value in let id = value.userInfo?["id"] as! Int observedCombineIDs.append(id) print("🚜 observed note with id: \(id)") } defer { extendLifetime(token) } for await note in NotificationCenter.default.notifications(named: testName) { let id: Int = note.userInfo?["id"] as! Int print("🚰 observed note with id: \(id)") observedAsyncIDs.append(id) if id == notificationCount { break } } } let post = Task { @MainActor in for i in 1...notificationCount { NotificationCenter.default.post( name: testName, object: nil, userInfo: ["id": i] ) } } _ = await (post.value, subscribe.value) #expect(observedAsyncIDs.count == notificationCount) // 🛑 Expectation failed: (observedAsyncIDs.count → 8) == (notificationCount → 100) #expect(observedCombineIDs == Array(1...notificationCount)) print("done") }

Hello, Regarding EKEventStore, the WWDC session mentions that “you should only have one of these for your application.” In my app, I need to use the instance on both the main thread and a background thread, and I would like to share a single instance across them. However, EKEventStore is a non-sendable type, so it cannot be shared across different isolation domains. I would like to know what the recommended best practice is for this situation. Also, do I need to protect the instance from data races by using a lock? Thank you.

Hello? Does anyone have a program to "Create Shortcuts" in Swift? With: Program Name: Program Path: Program Image:

I have poked around the web looking for a good example to do this and I haven't found a working example. I need to connect to a USB Device, its multiple ports and supports what looks to be a root port and 4 other ports I am no expert in USB but I do know how to write a kext and client drivers, but thats really not the way to solve this. I need to display the serialized output from these USB ports for a development board. I would rather do this on my Mac than have to cobble up a Linux machine and mess around with Linux. Here is the output from ioreg MCHP-Debug@03100000 <class IOUSBHostDevice, id 0x105f6fdc2, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (20 ms), retain 27> MCHP-Debug@0 <class IOUSBHostInterface, id 0x105f6fdc8, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (13 ms), retain 5> +-o MCHP-Debug@0 <class IOUSBHostInterface, id 0x105f6fdc8, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (13 ms), retain 5> +-o MCHP-Debug@1 <class IOUSBHostInterface, id 0x105f6fdc9, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (11 ms), retain 5> +-o MCHP-Debug@2 <class IOUSBHostInterface, id 0x105f6fdcb, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (9 ms), retain 5> | | | | | +-o MCHP-Debug@3 <class IOUSBHostInterface, id 0x105f6fdcc, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (7 ms), retain 5> I have been able to open a inservice to the device at the top level, but I get an error when I use. usbHostInterface = [[IOUSBHostInterface alloc] initWithIOService:usbDevice options: IOUSBHostObjectInitOptionsNone queue: queue error: &error interestHandler: handler]; Error:Failed to create IOUSBHostInterface. with reason: Unable to obtain configuration descriptor. Assertion failed: (usbHostInterface), function main, file main.m, line 87. I started using DeviceKit but I received signing errors and I shouldn't have to go down that path just to dump data from a USB port? Any suggestions would be great, most of the Apple documentation on USB ports is like 20 years old and the new stuff pushes you towards DeviceKit.

I encountered a concurrency compilation warning when calling the TranslationSession.translations(from: [TranslationSession.Request]) API, and I'm don't know how to resolve it. I reviewed the official demo, but it appears identical.

Dear Apple CS, I’m working with NFC ISO15693 tags using NFCTagReaderSession / NFCISO15693Tag, and I’d like to read these tags in the background if possible. Is there any way to read this tag type without triggering the system NFC popup that iOS normally shows? Please note it will not be a public app, the app is meant for internal use for our employees only. is there an option to submit a special request for this use case? Thank you in advance!

Hi there, First thanks for all the work on BGContinuedProcessingTask! It looks really promising. I have a question / issue around the behavior when a BGContinuedProcessingTask expires. Here is my setup. I have an app who's responsible for uploading large files in the field (AKA wifi is not expected) For a given file, it can likely fail due to network conditions I'm using Multipart upload though so I can retry a file to pick up where it left off. I use one taskIdentifier per file, and when the file fails, I can retry the task and have it continue where it left off (I am reusing the taskIdentifier here for retries, let me know if I shouldn't be doing that) Here is the behavior I am seeing I start an upload, it seems to be uploading normally I turn on airplane mode to simulate expiration of the task the task fails as expected after ~30 seconds, and I see the failure in my home screen. I have callbacks in the task to put my app in the proper state on expiration / failure I turn back on airplane mode and I retry the task, the way I do this is I do NOT re-register, I simply re-submit the task with the same TaskIdentifier. What I would have expected is that the failure task is REPLACED with the new task and new progress. Instead what I see is TWO ContinuedBackgroundProcessingTasks, one in the failure state and one in progress. My question is How can I make retries reuse the same task notification item? OR if that's not possible, how do I programmatically clear the task failure? I've tried cancelTask but that doesn't seem to clear it.

Does FSKit support the ability to get the process information, such as the pid, when a process accesses a resource? Being able have the process context is important for implementing certain access patterns and security logging in some contexts. For instance, we have a system that utilizes (pre-FSKit) a FUSE mount that, depending on the process has different "views" and "access" based on the process id.

Hello to all I have coded in swift a headless app, that launches 3 go microservices and itself. The app listens via unix domain sockets for commands from the microservices and executes different VPN related operations, using the NEVPNManager extension. Because there are certificates and VPN operations, the headless app and two Go microservices must run as root. The app and microservices run perfectly when I run in Xcode launching the swift app as root. However, I have been trying for some weeks already to modify the application so at startup it requests the password and runs as root or something similar, so all forked apps also run as root. I have not succeeded. I have tried many things, the last one was using SMApp but as the swift app is a headless app and not a CLI command app it can not be embedded. And CLI apps can not get the VPN entitlements. Can anybody please give me some pointers how can I launch the app so it requests the password and runs as root in background or what is the ideal framework here? thank you again.

We are currently implementing a custom iCloud sync for our macOS and iOS apps using CloudKit. Syncing works fine as long as the number of record sends is relatively small. But when we test with a large number of changes ( 80,000+ CKRecords ) we start running into problems. Our sending strategy is very conservative to avoid rate limits: We send records sequentially in batches of 250 records With about 2 seconds pause between operations Records are small and contain no assets (assets are uploaded separately) At some point we start receiving: “Database commit size exceeds limit” After that, CloudKit begins returning rate-limit errors with retryAfter-Information in the error. We wait for the retry time and try again, but from this moment on, nothing progresses anymore. Every subsequent attempt fails. We could not find anything in the official documentation regarding such a “commit size” limit or what triggers this failure state. So my questions are: Are there undocumented limits on the total number of records that can exist in an iCloud database (private or shared)? Is there a maximum volume of record modifications a container can accept within a certain timeframe, even if operations are split into small batches with pauses? Is it possible that sending large numbers of records in a row can temporarily or permanently “stall” a CloudKit container? Any insights or experiences would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!