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Memory leak in WebKit caused by KVO and @StateObject
Hi! My SwiftUI app is a rather complex browser app. Starting with iOS 18, the app crashes due to repeted reloads of the WkWebView. I’ve tracked the issue as far as I can, but I still haven’t found the root cause. My app is structured like this: MainView holds a cuple of subviews. It also holds a @StateObject called viewModel that holds a lot of @Published vars. The viewModel is passed as a enivormentObject. Example from ViewModel: @MainActor class ViewModel: NSObject, ObservableObject { @Published public var isLoading: Bool = false @Published public var loadProgress: Double? = 0 public func setIsLoading(_ value: Bool) async { self.isLoading = value } public func setLoadProgress(_ value: Double?) async { self.loadProgress = value } } WebView is a subview of MainView, which holds a navigation bar, and a UIViewRepresentable, which is a WkWebView. The WkWebView pushes some states to the ViewModel as the underlying values of the WkWebView changes, i.e. estimaedProgress, and isLoading. This is done via KVO and works like this: estimatedProgressObservation = self.parent.webView.observe(\.estimatedProgress) { webView, progress in Task { await parent.viewModel.setLoadProgress(webView.estimatedProgress) } } isLoadingObservation = self.parent.webView.observe(\.isLoading) { webView, value in Task { await parent.viewModel.setIsLoading(webView.isLoading) } } By using a timer in WkWebViews Coordinator, i trigger a load after a configurable amount of time :
 func loadUrl(url: URL) { DispatchQueue.main.async { console.info("Load URL: ...", sensitive: "Load URL: \(url.absoluteString)") let policy: NSURLRequest.CachePolicy if self.parent.settings.noCache { policy = .reloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData } else { policy = .useProtocolCachePolicy } let request = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: policy) self.parent.webView.load(request) } } Running the app with the automatic reload enabled freezes the app after a couple of hours. It also seems to freeze Safari on the device. The device needs to be rebooted. If I inspect the device's running processes, hundreds of ”com.apple.webkit. web content " processes are running. Removing await parent.viewModel.setLoadProgress(webView.estimatedProgress) and await parent.viewModel.setIsLoading(webView.isLoading) fixes the issue, but it is necessary for other app functions. Therefore, is suspect that the viewModel somehow causes the bug. The issue arises after a couple of loads 5-10. The debugger shows a message when the processes start to pile up. I suspect its related. Failed to terminate process: Error Domain=com.apple.extensionKit.errorDomain Code=18 "(null)" UserInfo={NSUnderlyingError=0x12d0e7f60 {Error Domain=RBSServiceErrorDomain Code=1 "Client not entitled" UserInfo={RBSEntitlement=com.apple.runningboard.terminateprocess, NSLocalizedFailureReason=Client not entitled, RBSPermanent=true}}} How can I find out what causes the suspected memory leak? Instruments gives me nothing of value. The memory leak wasn't present in iOS 17. Is this a bug in iOS 18, or was something intentionally changed?
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460
Mar ’25
Manage Safari 26 top bar transparency (Mac)
Hello from Leipzig, Germany! I noticed that when vertically scrolling in Safari 26 on my Mac, the content of the website I am currently working on is visible in the tab and URL bar with a liquid glass effect. I then looked at various other websites. Some websites have an opaque top bar. Some websites have a transparent top bar where content is visible when scrolling. On the Apple website, the top bar is opaque in light mode but transparent in dark mode. Unfortunately, I can't find a way to control this behavior. Has anyone found out more about this?
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212
Sep ’25
Safari 18.2 and macOS Sequoia 15.2 Download Issue in AngularJS Application
We are encountering a download issue in Safari 18.2 on macOS Sequoia 15.2 where file downloads initiated by our AngularJS application (such as Excel exports) are silently blocked. There are no errors in the browser console, and the download does not occur. Interestingly, after testing on Safari 18.3 with Sequoia 15.3, the downloads worked as expected. However, the problem reappeared on Safari 18.4 with Sequoia 15.4. We suspect that recent changes in Safari’s security or download handling may be preventing downloads triggered via asynchronous JavaScript (e.g., AJAX calls) that are not initiated directly by user interaction. We would appreciate any insights, suggestions, or possible workarounds from the community. Looking forward to your guidance on this matter.
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141
May ’25
Is Apple aiming to improve PWA support in iOS?
iOS 26 introduced a significant step back for PWAs - you now need at least five taps to add a PWA to your home screen. Android has excellent PWA support - it takes 1 tap to install an app, and the platform support is great, and web apps feel amazing. The gap between the platforms has now increased even further. My team and I were hoping for better PWA support, but now we are very worried about the direction - it puts us in a difficult situation. I'm sure many developers face a similar challenge. What's the current status of PWAs in iOS? Is Apple aiming to improve its support in the near future? Is there a roadmap, tech previews, or betas addressing the issue?
Topic: Safari & Web SubTopic: General
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213
Sep ’25
Content overlapping address bar after clicking links in Safari with the one-tab bar enabled
Title: Content Overlapping Address Bar After Clicking Links in Safari, tested on iPhone 11 (iOS 18.1.1) Description: When browsing in Safari on iPhone (iOS 18.1.1), the one-tab bar (address bar) collapses as expected when scrolling down a page. However, after clicking on a link and loading the next page, the content appears to overlap the collapsed address bar. This results in parts of the content being hidden or obscured by the address bar, which affects the user experience, especially on mobile devices with limited screen space. This issue is reproducible on Next.js applications and can be observed on websites such as rotterdam.nl and halderberge.nl. Steps to Reproduce: Enable the One-Tab Bar: Go to Settings > Safari and enable the one-tab bar feature. Open the website rotterdam.nl or halderberge.nl in Safari on an iPhone 11 (iOS 18.1.1). Scroll down the page so that the top address bar collapses. Click on any link on the page to load a new one. Once the new page loads, observe that the content appears on top of the collapsed address bar, causing parts of the content to be hidden or obscured. Expected Result: The content should not overlap or be hidden behind the collapsed address bar after the page reloads. The layout should adjust properly without interference from the address bar, providing a smooth user experience. Actual Result: When the new page loads, the content overlaps or appears on top of the collapsed address bar, causing parts of the content to be hidden or obscured. Device(s) Affected: iPhone 11 running iOS 18.1.1. OS Version: iOS 18.1.1 Technical Notes: To address this issue, the following solutions have been attempted with no success: Viewport Meta Tag: <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover" /> This was added to help ensure proper layout on mobile devices, but did not resolve the issue. CSS Safe Area Insets: body { padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top); } This CSS rule was applied to account for the safe area and prevent content from being hidden under the address bar, but it did not solve the overlapping issue. Scroll Position Adjustment (for scroll-to-top button): Adjusting the scroll behavior by changing the scroll position to {top: 1} instead of {top: 0} was a successful workaround to keep the address bar collapsed when clicking the "scroll to top" button. However, this did not resolve the issue when navigating between pages or changing routes, where the content still overlaps the collapsed address bar.
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507
Feb ’25
Safari Extension: Cookie Header Missing in Background Fetch from Non-Default User Profile (Works in Default Profile)
When our Safari Web Extension makes a api request from its background script (registered via "scripts" in manifest.json, e.g., "background": { "scripts": ["js/background.bundle.js"] }) to our authenticated API endpoint (https://api-domain/user), the Cookie header is not included in the request. This occurs only when the extension is running within a non-default Safari User Profile. This causes our API to treat the user as unauthenticated. The exact same extension code, manifest, and API call work correctly (Cookie header is present and user is authenticated) when the extension is running in the Default Safari User Profile.
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149
May ’25
Safari Web Extension service_worker failed to load
I built and extension for chrome, edge, and firefox. I'm porting the chrome extension to safari using the safari-web-extension-converter tool. This has worked successfully and I was able to publish my extension to the app store. I made some updates to the service worker code recently and I'm now being hit with an error when trying to load my unsigned extension into safari: The service_worker script failed to load due to an error. I've looked online at some other forums and haven't found anything helpful around how to debug this kind of error. Because the service worker is non-persistent in safari, I don't have access to the console logs of the service worker through the Develop > Web Extension Background Context menu. Has anyone successfully debugged this kind of error? Are there logs I can pull directly from safari that would help me here? Thanks in advance for the help!
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293
Feb ’25
Analysis of issues on Safari with liquid glass
Hello, As previous reports have already shown, there seems to be a few issues on the latest version of Safari, mainly around: Modals taking up the full viewport Elements positioned at the bottom of the screen This also seems to affect the modals on apple.com/iphone. I've recently done an analysis of what can and can't be done in code to work with the new liquid glass UI and thought I'd share my findings here. The full write up, along with screenshots and the demos I used are available in this repository: https://github.com/stevenocchipinti/liquid-glass-spike A brief summary of the findings: The conditions for a fullscreen modal overlay element to cover the entire screen with a position: fixed; seems to be: The background must be semi-transparent Solid colours, linear-gradients, etc. don't work The container must be empty This also means the standard and ::backdrop don't seem to work. The conditions for a bottom sheet to cover the entire screen, including the area around the Safari toolbar seems to be: The element must be positioned within 3px from the bottom of the viewport The height must be within a certain threshold If I've missed anything, please let me know. It would be really nice to have some official documentation on these issues to explain to developers how to do this properly.
Topic: Safari & Web SubTopic: General Tags:
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125
Sep ’25
WKWebview termination due to memory. Adjustable threshold for termination?
Hi, Our company has an application uses the WKWebview to host a lot of content. The content is web based and hosts a lot of charts and metrics. Because of the high content, we've seen the memory of the WebContent hit above 1.25 GB. When that happens, it'll eventually terminate and we have our recovery code to reload the same page Seems like the limit is hidden / internal. Some Apple devs also noted something might be hard coded to be limited as well. Yes, we have our optimizations but we still need to keep our queries, use react, cache, etc... It's just a heavy web application. Request: Can you help us raise that limit? Are there some limitations in Webkit for such a need to terminate? As some devices have much higher RAM than before, we were hoping to be able to dynamically adjust the limit for the wkwebview before it resets. We contacted our internal contacts but they said to post here.
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505
Jan ’25
iOS17 WebKit crash IPC::Connection::cancelReply<Messages::WebPage::PerformDragControllerAction
Who can help me, I am running into a WebKit crash on ios 17 and I cannot reproduce it in the debug environment. Crashes happen in these iOS version:17.6.1, 17.5.1, 17.7.5, 17.4, 17.7, 17.4.1, 17.7.3, 17.6 WebKit IPC::Connection::cancelReply<Messages::WebPage::PerformDragControllerAction, WebKit::WebPageProxy::performDragControllerAction(WebKit::DragControllerAction, WebCore::DragData&, std::__1::optional<WebCore::ProcessQualified<WTF::ObjectIdentifierGeneric<WebCore::FrameIdentifierType, WTF::ObjectIdentifierMainThreadAccessTraits> > > const&)::$_26>(WebKit::WebPageProxy::performDragControllerAction(WebKit::DragControllerAction, WebCore::DragData&, std::__1::optional<WebCore::ProcessQualified<WTF::ObjectIdentifierGeneric<WebCore::FrameIdentifierType, WTF::ObjectIdentifierMainThreadAccessTraits> > > const&)::$_26&&) (in WebKit) WebKit WTF::Detail::CallableWrapper<WebKit::AuxiliaryProcessProxy::sendMessage(WTF::UniqueRef<IPC::Encoder>&&, WTF::OptionSet<IPC::SendOption>, std::__1::optional<IPC::ConnectionAsyncReplyHandler>, WebKit::AuxiliaryProcessProxy::ShouldStartProcessThrottlerActivity)::$_1, void, IPC::Decoder*>::call(IPC::Decoder*) (in WebKit) WebKit IPC::Connection::cancelAsyncReplyHandlers() (in WebKit) WebKit IPC::Connection::invalidate() (in WebKit) WebKit WebKit::AuxiliaryProcessProxy::shutDownProcess() (in WebKit) WebKit WebKit::WebProcessProxy::shutDown() (in WebKit) WebKit WebKit::WebProcessProxy::processDidTerminateOrFailedToLaunch(WebKit::ProcessTerminationReason) (in WebKit) WebKit WebKit::WebProcessProxy::didClose(IPC::Connection&) (in WebKit) WebKit IPC::Connection::dispatchMessage(std::__1::unique_ptr<IPC::Decoder, std::__1::default_delete<IPC::Decoder> >) (in WebKit) WebKit IPC::Connection::SyncMessageState::ConnectionAndIncomingMessage::dispatch() (in WebKit) WebKit WTF::Detail::CallableWrapper<IPC::Connection::SyncMessageState::processIncomingMessage(IPC::Connection&, std::__1::unique_ptr<IPC::Decoder, std::__1::default_delete<IPC::Decoder> >&)::$_5, void, >::call() (in WebKit) JavaScriptCore WTF::RunLoop::performWork() (in JavaScriptCore) JavaScriptCore WTF::RunLoop::performWork(void*) (in JavaScriptCore) CoreFoundation ___CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ (in CoreFoundation) CoreFoundation ___CFRunLoopDoSource0 (in CoreFoundation) CoreFoundation ___CFRunLoopDoSources0 (in CoreFoundation) CoreFoundation ___CFRunLoopRun (in CoreFoundation) CoreFoundation _CFRunLoopRunSpecific (in CoreFoundation) GraphicsServices _GSEventRunModal (in GraphicsServices) UIKitCore -[UIApplication _run] (in UIKitCore) UIKitCore _UIApplicationMain (in UIKitCore) homework main (in homework:main.m:39) dyld start (in dyld)
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498
Mar ’25
How to prevent text wrapping in iOS browser's default option tag?
In the Safari browser on mobile devices, the tags in an HTML element are styled with the system's default styles. I want the text inside the tags to be displayed without line breaks. However, in reality, the text wraps according to its length. May I ask if there are any methods to achieve this? (ps: CSS-related properties such as white-space: nowrap do not work.)
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376
Feb ’25
How do I update the list of valid redirect URLs for Sign In With Apple for Web?
I've been using Sign In with Apple for Web for the last six months, and it works well enough. Now, I'm updating the domain of the main application (we got the .com! yeah!) However, I can't find a way in the configuration UI to update the allowed redirect URLs for the application. I go to Identifiers -> My App -> Capabilities -> Sign In with Apple -> Edit button. It just allows me to edit whether this is a primary ID, or grouped ID, plus a callback URL (which I'm not currently using.)
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582
Sep ’25
Apple Pay Merchant validation Url - ambiguous API documentation
Hello, I was going through the Apple Pay API documentation and noticed ambiguity on the exact process to complete merchant validation. One of the documentation mentions that the validation url will be Your server posts a request using mutual TLS (mTLS) by calling the Apple Pay server’s Payment Session endpoint. Endpoint (Global) POST https://apple-pay-gateway.apple.com/paymentservices/paymentSession Endpoint (China region) POST https://cn-apple-pay-gateway.apple.com/paymentservices/paymentSession Referencing the url: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/apple_pay_on_the_web/apple_pay_js_api/requesting_an_apple_pay_payment_session whereas the other references that the value should be used as provided by the onvalidatemerchant event object with the property validationURL. Refer: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/apple_pay_on_the_web/apple_pay_js_api/providing_merchant_validation Can someone confirm which is the correct approach to follow ?
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377
Feb ’25
declarativeNetRequest addOrReplaceParams adds a parameter when already present
I'm trying to use DNR to force safe search with Qwant search engine. Under certain circumstances (scenario described below) the search is performed with an API which contains the safe search level in a URL parameter. A typical query URL is https://api.qwant.com/v3/search/web?q=test&count=10&locale=fr_FR&offset=0&device=desktop&tgp=1&safesearch=0&displayed=true&llm=true. I want a DNR rule to force safesearch to be 2 (= strict) (from some javascript code) : { id: 1, priority: 1, action: { type: 'redirect', "redirect": { "transform": { "queryTransform": { "addOrReplaceParams": [{ "key": "safesearch", "value": "2" }] } } } }, condition: { "urlFilter": "api.qwant.com/v3/search", "resourceTypes": ["xmlhttprequest"] }, } When this rule is activated, I end up with a URL with the original safesearch parameter AND the forced one : https://api.qwant.com/v3/search/web?q=test&count=10&locale=fr_FR&offset=0&device=desktop&tgp=1&safesearch=0&displayed=true&llm=true&safesearch=2. To reproduce this request (with the previous DNR rule in place) : navigate to https://www.qwant.com search for some string (test in my case). This displays the list of results ; click the engine button at the top right to display the settings pane ; inspect network request performed by this page ; change the Adult filter in the list -> the results are automatically updated with the new settings. The web request shows URL with the 2 safesearch parameters. I already used addOrReplaceParams in 'standard' contexts (main_frame) and it works just fine. Any hint on what goes on ? Thank you.
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414
Sep ’25
Guideline 3.2.2 Rejection - Correct Implementation for Donations via SFSafariViewController
Hello everyone, We've had our app rejected twice under Guideline 3.2.2 regarding charitable donations, and we're seeking clarification on the correct implementation. We've read the guidelines but want to confirm the technical approach with the community's experience. The Rejection Reason: Apple states: "We still noticed that your app includes the ability to collect charitable donations within the app..." They specify that since we are not an approved nonprofit, we must use one of the alternatives, primarily: "provide a link to your website that launches the default browser or SFSafariViewController for users to make a donation." Our Current (Rejected) Implementation: User taps a "Help" button in our native app. A native modal appears inside our app where the user enters their donation amount and email address for the receipt. The user clicks "Donate," which then opens an SFSafariViewController to our website's payment page (e.g., Stripe, PayPal). The amount and email are passed as URL parameters to pre-fill the form. Our Questions for the Community: Is the issue solely the fact that we have a native modal for data entry? We understand we cannot process the payment in-app, but we thought collecting the intent (amount, email) was acceptable before handing off to Safari. What is the definitive, compliant flow? Option A: Should the "Help" button do nothing more than open an SFSafariViewController to a generic donations landing page on our website (https://ourwebsite.com/donate), with no data pre-filled? The user must then navigate and enter all information on the website itself. Option C: The rejection also mentions SMS. Has anyone had success implementing a "Text-to-Donate" link instead of a web flow? Wording: The button in our app currently says "Donate". Should this be changed to a more passive call to action like "Visit Website to Donate" to make it absolutely clear the transaction is external? We want to ensure our next submission is successful. Any insight, especially from developers who have successfully navigated this exact rejection, would be immensely helpful. Thank you.
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359
Sep ’25
When using WebAuthn with WKWebView
WebAuthn can be used in Safari, but when using it with WKWebView, you need to set the default browser definition (com.apple.developer.web-browser). Is this correct? Also, is it possible that the terms of use will change or that it will no longer be available in WKWebView in the future?
Topic: Safari & Web SubTopic: General
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305
Aug ’25
Guidance Needed: Safari ITP's Link Tracking Protection Impacts Legitimate App Functionality
Area: WebKit (Safari) Description: I am reporting an issue where our application's core functionality is being broken by Safari's Intelligent Tracking Prevention (ITP). ITP's "Link Tracking Protection" feature automatically strips specific query parameters from URLs. We understand this is an intentional privacy feature. However, our application requires these query parameters to carry essential, non-tracking data, such as authentication tokens or specific app-state information to function correctly. When a user navigates to our site, Safari strips these parameters, this means our client-side application never receives the necessary data, which breaks core features and leads to a failed user experience. This is a significant issue for our application as it prevents users from accessing their content. We are seeking guidance on how to resolve this. Questions for Apple: Is there a recommended way to identify and flag essential, non-tracking query parameters so that Safari's ITP does not strip them? Our parameters are critical for app functionality, not for third-party tracking. What is the recommended best practice for building web applications that rely on URL parameters while adhering to ITP's privacy-first model? We want to ensure our application is compatible with modern browser privacy features without compromising functionality. Could you provide a detailed explanation of what criteria ITP uses to decide which parameters to strip? Understanding the underlying logic would help us restructure our URLs to avoid this issue. Device Information: Operating System: iOS and macOS Safari Version: Latest stable versions on both platforms Device Models: All relevant models and device types
Topic: Safari & Web SubTopic: General
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358
Aug ’25
Please Help: WKwebview not allowing background audio playback
I’ve been working on a personal iOS project for fun — essentially a YouTube music player, learning how background media playback works in native iOS apps. After seeing that Musi (a famous music streaming app) can play YouTube audio in the background with the screen off — I got really curious. I’ve been trying to replicate that basic background audio functionality for YouTube embeds using WKWebView. I've spent a crazy amount of time (probably 20 hours) trying to figure this out but have achieved no success. Here’s what I’ve tried so far: -Embedding a YouTube video in a WKWebView -Activating AVAudioSession with .playback and setting .setActive(true) -Adding the UIBackgroundModes key with audio in Info.plist -Adding the NSAppTransportSecurity key to allow arbitrary loads --Testing on a real device (iPhone 14, iOS 18.1 target)-- What happens: Audio plays fine in the foreground. If I exit the app and go to the lock screen quickly enough (less than 3 seconds) after pressing play, I can resume playback briefly from the lock screen — but it doesn’t automatically continue like in Musi and other apps like it. Most of the time, the audio stops when the app is backgrounded. I get this error consistently in the logs: Error acquiring assertion: <Error Domain=RBSServiceErrorDomain Code=1 "(originator doesn't have entitlement com.apple.runningboard.assertions.webkit AND originator doesn't have entitlement com.apple.multitasking.systemappassertions)" It seems like the app lacks some specific entitlements related to WebKit media playback. I don’t have AppDelegate/SceneDelegate (using SwiftUI), but can add if needed. I’m super curious how music streaming apps using youtube as a source get around this — are they doing something different under the hood? A custom player? A SafariViewController trick? Is there a specific way to configure WKWebView to keep playing in the background, or is this a known limitation? Would really appreciate any insight from folks who’ve explored this before or know how apps like Musi pulled it off. Thanks in advance!
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126
Apr ’25
oAuth Error using Apple SignIn
Hello, We are setting up Apple Sign In in one of our non production websites but we keep getting a "oauth code says expired or revoked" error. We have created a brand new service ID and key for this but are still getting this error.
Topic: Safari & Web SubTopic: General
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164
Aug ’25