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Explore the networking protocols and technologies used by the device to connect to Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth devices, and cellular data services.

Networking Documentation

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Do watchOS apps support IP request communication within a local area network?
As a third-party application on Apple Watch, can it be located in the same LAN httpServer? Currently, when testing to initiate an http request in the LAN, the connection timeout is returned, code: -1001 self.customSession.request("http://10.15.48.191:9000/hello").response { response in switch response.result { case .success(let data): dlog("✅ 请求成功,收到数据:") if let html = String(data: data ?? Data(), encoding: .utf8) { dlog(html) } case .failure(let error): dlog("❌ 请求失败:\(error.localizedDescription)") } } 执行后报错 Task <B71BE820-FD0E-4880-A6DD-1F8F6EAF98B0>.<1> finished with error [-1001] Error Domain=NSURLErrorDomain Code=-1001 "请求超时。" UserInfo={_kCFStreamErrorCodeKey=-2102, _NSURLErrorFailingURLSessionTaskErrorKey=LocalDataTask <B71BE820-FD0E-4880-A6DD-1F8F6EAF98B0>.<1>, _NSURLErrorRelatedURLSessionTaskErrorKey=( "LocalDataTask <B71BE820-FD0E-4880-A6DD-1F8F6EAF98B0>.<1>", "LocalDataPDTask <B71BE820-FD0E-4880-A6DD-1F8F6EAF98B0>.<1>", "LocalDataTask <B71BE820-FD0E-4880-A6DD-1F8F6EAF98B0>.<1>" ), NSLocalizedDescription=请求超时。, _kCFStreamErrorDomainKey=4, NSErrorFailingURLStringKey=http://10.15.48.191:9000/hello, NSErrorFailingURLKey=http://10.15.48.191:9000/hello}
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113
May ’25
NEHotspotHelper API
For our outdoor power supply company that builds public WiFi networks at camping sites, we want to implement the following features in our app: Scan surrounding WiFi networks When detecting specific public WiFi SSIDs, provide users with corresponding passwords Automatically connect to those WiFi networks Regarding the NEHotspotHelper API permission application, when I clicked on https://developer.apple.com/contact/request/network-extension, it redirected me to https://developer.apple.com/unauthorized/. I'm not sure where to properly apply for this permission now.
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34
May ’25
iOS 18.5 update live streaming bug
Our app supports live streaming (RTSP, RTMP, WebRTC) functionality. After updating to the 18.5 Developer Beta version, we’ve encountered an issue where streaming over LTE is not working for customers using SKT (SK Telecom) as their carrier. Upon investigation, it seems that a similar issue might be occurring with a streaming service app called "SOOP." I would appreciate it if you could share any information regarding this bug. Thank you.
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389
Apr ’25
iOS Not Sending DHCP Request After Quick WiFi Reconnect
I'm facing an issue where if a WiFi network is turned off and back on within a short time frame (2-4 seconds), iOS still shows the device as connected but does not send a new DHCP request. This causes a problem for my network device, which relies on the DHCP request to assign an IP address. Without the request, the device is unable to establish a socket connection properly. Is there any way to force iOS to send a DHCP request immediately when reconnecting to the network in this scenario? Are there any known workarounds or configurations that might help ensure the DHCP process is re-triggered? Any insights would be appreciated. Thanks!
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221
Mar ’25
PolicyDenied on Simulator with Xcode 16 and Network Framework NWBrowser
I'm using Network framework for communication between devices. The first time I instantiate an NWBrowser, it will prompt the user with a popup that says: Allow &lt;app name&gt; to find devices on local networks? The problem is, once I upgraded from Xcode 15.4 to Xcode 16.4, the popup doesn't appear; it says in the debug window: nw_browser_fail_on_dns_error_locked [B1] nw_browser_dns_service_browse_callback failed: PolicyDenied(18,446,744,073,709,486,046) I do have the info.plist keys Privacy-Local Network Usage Description (NSLocalNetworkUsageDescription) and Bonjour Services (NSBonjourServices) so it's not that. Also, It still works on a real device. I think something changed with Xcode 16 that tightened the security on a simulator, or maybe disabled Network framework entirely. It's not the firewall on my computer because that is turned off. I'm using an M1 MacBook Pro.
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144
Jun ’25
Non-functioning IP_RECVIF on sockets proxied with NETransparentProxyProvider
Hi! I've noticed that the IP_RECVIF socket option, i.e.: int y = 1; setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_RECVIF, &y, sizeof(y)); does not seem to work if the socket is proxied by a NETransparentProxyProvider type network extension: there's no ancillary data in messages received with recvmsg. As soon as I disable the network extension, recvmsg starts returning ancillary data containing the interface name. This seems to break some applications which rely on IP_RECVIF in the presence of a transparent proxy, making it, in fact, not transparent. One such example is Apple's own libresolv, which relies on IP_RECVIF and breaks if there's no ancillary data in the recvmsg result. I don't think that this is the intended behaviour, since IPV6_PKTINFO seems to work fine. I've filed a bug report (FB17586550) about this, however, I would greatly appreciate if someone could point me in the direction of a workaround.
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225
May ’25
Iphone 16 is not connecting to WiFi7 AP with MLO Suiteb encryption
Issue summary: Iphone 16 is not connecting to WiFi7 AP with MLO Suiteb encryption. Furuno AP(EW750) is sending EAPOL M1 message, but Iphone16 is not responding with EAPOL M2 message, Hence Iphone16 is unable to connect to Qualcomm based AP with MLO suiteb encryption. Issue impact: All the Iphone16 users cannot connect to WiFi7 AP with MLO suiteb encryption globally. Predominantly, Iphone users tend to connect to more secured wifi networks using WPA3 suiteb encryption, hence many of the iphone users will experience the connectivity issue significantly. Topology: AP Hardware: Furuno WiFi7 AP(EW770) The Furuno WiFi7 AP uses Miami IPQ5332 with waikiki radio QCN9274 AP software: SPF12.2 CSU3 IPhone16 software: (18.3.1 or 18.5 ) Iphone16 wifi capabilities: 802.11 b/a/g/n/ac/ax/be Radius server details: Radius server: Laptop running with Ubuntu Radius package: 3.0.26dfsggit20220223.1.00ed0241fa-0ubuntu3.4 Version: 3.0.26 Steps: Power on the Wi-Fi 7 Access Point with the Miami chipset, and flash it with the SPF 12.2 CSU3 image. Enable both 5 GHz and 6 GHz radios on the AP. Enable MLO (Multi-Link Operation) in 6Ghz &amp; 5Ghz, set MLD address different from radio address and configure Suite-B (192-bit) encryption On the Linux laptop, set up the RADIUS server with EAP-TLS authentication method. Once the above steps are completed, take the iPhone 16 and follow the steps below to install the RADIUS client certificates on the device. On the sniffer laptop, switch the Wi-Fi adapter to monitor mode, configure the required channel, and begin packet capture. Check SSID is broadcasting, then connect the iPhone 16 to . Verify if the client (iPhone 16) connects to the SSID using WPA3-Enterprise, MLO, and Suite-B encryption by checking the wireless capture on both the AP and iPhone sides. Support needed from Apple team: We would request Apple team to analyse and enable the IPhone16 users to connect to advanced security WPA3 Suiteb by resolving the issue. Below is our analysis and observation for your reference. As per IEEE, MLD mac address can be set to the same or different from radio address, Iphone16 is not accepting EAPOL M1 message if source address(MLD) is different from radio address. IPhone16 is accepting EAPOL M1 if the source address(MLD) is set to the same as the radio address and responds with M2 message IPhone16 is not accepting EAPOL M1 if source address(MLD) set to different from radio address and fails to respond with M2 message
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123
Aug ’25
How to avoid the "Allow XYZ to find devices on local networks" warning when creating a local-system-only Bonjour service and browser?
I'm writing an application that implements a Bonjour service and browser for the purpose of connecting to Logic Pro and interacting with a MIDI Device Script. Because it's connecting to Logic Pro running on the same system as the application, the service and browser do not need to access anything else on the local network. I'm creating the service and browser with calls like this: err = DNSServiceRegister( &serviceRef, 0, kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly, "MyService", "_osc._udp", "local", nullptr, 52854, txtLen, txtRecord, static_cast<DNSServiceRegisterReply>(myCallback), context ); err = DNSServiceBrowse( &browserRef, 0, kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly, "_osc._udp", nullptr, static_cast<DNSServiceBrowseReply>(browserCallback), context ); Despite the fact that I'm passing in kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly for the network interface, it still triggers an "Allow 'Application' to find devices on local networks?" permissions prompt. How can I avoid that prompt? It is both a significant failure point (in case users don't notice it or click 'Don't Allow' by mistake) but it may also scare them away, since it strongly implies my application is scanning devices on the local network, even though it's doing no such thing!
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216
Aug ’25
Multipeer Connectivity stopped working between iPad simulators
We have an iPad application that utilizes Multipeer Connectivity to enable local communication between devices running a copy of our app. Until recently, we were able to test this functionality in the Xcode simulator without any issues. We could easily set up multiple simulators and have them all communicate with each other. However, recently, either due to an upgrade to Xcode or MacOS, this functionality ceased working in the simulator. Surprisingly, it still functions perfectly on physical devices. If we reboot the development computer and launch the simulator immediately after the reboot (without building and sending from Xcode, but running the existing code on the device), the issue resolves. However, the moment we generate a new build and send it to the simulator from Xcode, the multipeer functionality stops working again in the simulator. The simulators won’t reconnect until a reboot of the physical Mac hardware hosting the simulator. We’ve tried the usual troubleshooting steps, such as downgrading Xcode, deleting simulators and recreating them, cleaning the build folder, and deleting derived data, but unfortunately, none of these solutions have worked. The next step is to attempt to use a previous version of MacOS (15.3) and see if that helps, but I’d prefer to avoid this if possible. Does anyone have any obvious suggestions or troubleshooting steps that might help us identify the cause of this issue?
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284
Jun ’25
Can NWBrowser be used in an AppIntent extension? NoAuth
I have an iOS app that connects to a server running on macOS by leveraging NWListener & NWBrowser. It also makes use of the peerToPeer functionality / AWDL offered via the Network framework. This works great in the iOS app. Now I would like to add support for Shortcuts / App Intents in general. The NWConnection on its own is also working great in the App Intent, but only if I provide the host/port manually, which means I can't use the peer to peer functionality. If I try to run my NWBrowser in the AppIntent it immediately changes its state to failed with a NoAuth (-65555) error: nw_browser_cancel [B1517] The browser has already been cancelled, ignoring nw_browser_cancel(). nw_browser_fail_on_dns_error_locked [B1518] DNSServiceBrowse failed: NoAuth(-65555) NWClientManager: Browser failed: -65555: NoAuth I haven't found documentation/information on whether NWBrowser should work in an AppIntent extension or not.
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109
Apr ’25
how to extract the hostname from a https/tls request in NEFilterSocketFlow
Hi guys, I try to create a content filter app by using network extension api. When it comes to a https/tls remote endpoint, the remoteEndpoint.hostname will always be "" instead of the actual hostname. How can I extract the actual hostname? private func filterTraffic(flow: NEFilterSocketFlow) -> NEFilterNewFlowVerdict { // Default action from settings will be used if no rules match logger.error("filter traffic...") guard let remoteEndpoint = flow.remoteEndpoint as? NWHostEndpoint else { logger.error("not a NWHostEndpoint)") return .allow() } logger.error("host name: \(remoteEndpoint.hostname)") if remoteEndpoint.hostname.hasSuffix("google.com"){ logger.error("google.com") return .drop() } return .allow() } code-block
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132
Jun ’25
NWListener fails with -65555: NoAuth since macOS 15.4 onwards
We're seeing an issue with bonjour services since macOS 15.4 onwards, specifically when running xcuitests on simulators that communicate with an app via bonjour services, the NWListener fails with -65555: NoAuth Interestingly it only fails on subsequent iterations of the test, first iteration always succeeds. The same code works fine on macOS 15.3.1 and earlier, but not 15.4 or 15.5. Is this related to, or the same issue as here? https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/780655 Also raised in feedback assistant: FB17804120
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206
Jun ’25
Technical Inquiry about CoreBluetooth Scanning & NEHotspotConfigurationManager Workflow
I am writing to seek clarification on two technical issues related to iOS frameworks (CoreBluetooth and NetworkExtension). These observations are critical for optimizing our app's performance, and I would appreciate any official guidance or documentation references. CoreBluetooth Scanning Frequency and Cycle Issue: We noticed inconsistent BLE device discovery times (ranging from 0.5s to 1.5s) despite the peripheral advertising at 2Hz (500ms interval). Questions: Does iOS regulate the BLE scan interval or duty cycle internally? If yes, what factors affect this behavior (e.g., foreground/background state, connected devices)? Are there recommended practices to reduce discovery latency for peripherals with fixed advertising intervals? Is there a way to configure scan parameters (e.g., scan window/interval) programmatically, similar to Android's BluetoothLeScanner? Test Context: Device: iPhone 13 mini (iOS 17.6.1) Code: CBCentralManager.scanForPeripherals(withServices: nil, options: [CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey: true]) NEHotspotConfigurationManager Workflow and Latency Issue: Using NEHotspotConfigurationManager.shared.apply(_:) to connect to Wi-Fi occasionally takes up to 8 seconds to complete. Questions: What is the internal workflow of the apply method? Does it include user permission checks, SSID scanning, authentication, or IP assignment steps? Are there known scenarios where this method would block for extended periods (e.g., waiting for user interaction, network timeouts)? Is the latency related to system-level retries or radio coexistence with other wireless activities (e.g., Bluetooth)? Test Context: Configuration: NEHotspotConfiguration(ssid: "TestSSID") Behavior: Delay occurs even when the Wi-Fi network is in range and credentials are correct.
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188
Mar ’25
Technical Inquiry about CoreBluetooth Scanning & NEHotspotConfigurationManager Workflow
I am writing to seek clarification on two technical issues related to iOS frameworks (CoreBluetooth and NetworkExtension). These observations are critical for optimizing our app's performance, and I would appreciate any official guidance or documentation references. CoreBluetooth Scanning Frequency and Cycle Issue: We noticed inconsistent BLE device discovery times (ranging from 0.5s to 1.5s) despite the peripheral advertising at 2Hz (500ms interval). Questions: Does iOS regulate the BLE scan interval or duty cycle internally? If yes, what factors affect this behavior (e.g., foreground/background state, connected devices)? Are there recommended practices to reduce discovery latency for peripherals with fixed advertising intervals? Is there a way to configure scan parameters (e.g., scan window/interval) programmatically, similar to Android's BluetoothLeScanner? Test Context: Device: iPhone 13 mini (iOS 17.6.1) Code: CBCentralManager.scanForPeripherals(withServices: nil, options: [CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey: true]) NEHotspotConfigurationManager Workflow and Latency Issue: Using NEHotspotConfigurationManager.shared.apply(_:) to connect to Wi-Fi occasionally takes up to 8 seconds to complete. Questions: What is the internal workflow of the apply method? Does it include user permission checks, SSID scanning, authentication, or IP assignment steps? Are there known scenarios where this method would block for extended periods (e.g., waiting for user interaction, network timeouts)? Is the latency related to system-level retries or radio coexistence with other wireless activities (e.g., Bluetooth)? Test Context: Configuration: NEHotspotConfiguration(ssid: "TestSSID") Behavior: Delay occurs even when the Wi-Fi network is in range and credentials are correct.
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259
Mar ’25
VPN application and user certificates using VPN Profile
We are developing a custom vpn client using Packet Tunnel Provider extension. Our VPN use Client Certificate authentication. Certificates need to be delivered to device using MDM. We plan to deliver certificates and other settings using configuration profiles with com.apple.vpn.managed and com.apple.security.pkcs12 payloads. There are some things we do not understand: What entitlements do we need? Do we need additional entitlements except com.apple.developer.networkingextension and com.apple.managed.vpn.shared? What is the process to get com.apple.managed.vpn.shared entitlement? Is ADP (not ADEP) enough for such application?
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130
Sep ’25
DMG Distribution for macOS App with App Extension — Should I Use System Extension Instead?
Hi everyone, I’m currently developing a macOS app that is distributed via a DMG file on our website. The app includes an App Extension (appex) for Network Extension functionality. I’m wondering if distributing via DMG on the web requires the app extension to be implemented as a System Extension instead of an App Extension. Is it necessary to migrate to System Extension for web-based DMG distribution, or can I continue using App Extension as is? Any insights or recommendations would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
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60
Aug ’25
Secure data transfer
Hi! We are planning to build an app for a research project that collects sensitive information (such as symptoms, photos and audio). We don't want to store this data locally on the phone or within the app but rather have it securely transferred to a safe SFTP server. Is it possible to implement this i iOS, and if so, does anyone have any recommendations on how to do this?
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96
Jun ’25
NERelay save to preferences error
I am developing an App based on Network Extension that lets all network requests on device access the Internet through a private Relay. I created an empty iOS App and only the entitlements file and ViewController.swift(Main.storyboard) file have been modified. The code was copied from the official video https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10002/ But, running the App on iPhone, the saveToPreferences API reported Error Domain=NERelayErrorDomain Code=3 "(null)" and the App doesn't look like it's changed at all (it doesn't jump to the Settings - VPN&Relay). Does anyone know why?Any reply would be greatly appreciated. The contents of the entitlements file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension</key> <array> <string>relay</string> </array> </dict> </plist> ViewController.swift: import UIKit import NetworkExtension class ViewController: UIViewController { override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() // Do any additional setup after loading the view. } @IBAction func tap(_ sender: Any) { let newRelay = NERelay() let relayURL = URL(string: "https://relay.example.com:443/") newRelay.http3RelayURL = relayURL newRelay.http2RelayURL = relayURL newRelay.additionalHTTPHeaderFields = ["Authorization" : "PrivateToken=123"] let manager = NERelayManager.shared() manager.relays = [newRelay] manager.matchDomains = ["internal.example.com"] manager.isEnabled = false manager.saveToPreferences { err in print(err) } } }
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179
Mar ’25