Well what the F do they want me to name it?
You can name it whatever you want.
What is it you want me to learn here? Because you pose a giant riddle of name something that you should be given a name for...
This looks like an exercise where you need to save multiple pieces of associated data based on some criteria.
My friend said to me that this is a common thing you will have to do and they were right however...
You have good taste in friends.
What are you asking me to do?
As the description says, "keep track of which kind of number was the largest".
those are math terms from 20+ years ago
Math is not the same as programming. It doesn't change. Technically they are math terms from "20+ years ago". They are concepts that are thousands of years old. The Fibonacci sequence is the newest of these. It was named over 800 years ago, but even then, was just a European discovery of a concept that had been known to non-Europeans for hundreds of years before that. But it's Europeans who typically impose their cultural nomenclature across science.
I have no idea how to classify those terms...
You aren't being asked to classify them. They're already classified. You're just being asked to identify the one that includes the largest number from the provided data.
Are you asking me that? No. So why is that in the problem.
I'm not sure what you're asking. Perhaps you should consult your friend again. They seem quite knowledgeable.
These conundrums mixed in with legitimate problems honestly make me not want to learn Swift at all.
This has absolutely nothing to do with Swift. This would be a legitimate exercise in any language. There are some interesting follow-on questions that would involve useful things to know about in Swift.